Basophil granulocyte. Image source: Wikipedia.
Basophil activation test (BAT) relies on CD63 (tetraspanin) - a marker for flow cytometric quantification of in vitro activated basophils.
This figure explains the principle of the basophil activation test by flow cytometry (triple staining): http://bit.ly/3WYD0W and http://bit.ly/fW5Dm
CD63-based basophil activation test (BAT) for diagnosis of food allergy is still in its infancy http://bit.ly/11F0ll
Basophil activation test can be useful for in vitro diagnosis of NSAIDs hypersensitivity: specificity is 100%, sensitivity is 42.85% http://bit.ly/4vnFy1
More markers that can be used in BAT:
- Basophil-specific ectoenzyme CD203c is a marker for cell activation and a target for flow cytometry-based tests http://bit.ly/3AAtDf
- CD123 is an interleukin-3 receptor found on pluripotent progenitor cells http://bit.ly/JbxDR
- CD14 acts as a co-receptor (along with TLR 4 and MD-2) for the detection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) http://bit.ly/3CYbPy
- CD41( Integrin, alpha 2b or platelet glycoprotein IIb of IIb/IIIa complex) participate in cell-surface signalling http://bit.ly/nyQg8
- CD41 defects (IIb of IIb/IIIa complex) may lead to Glanzmann's thrombasthenia - platelets lack glycoprotein IIb/IIIa http://bit.ly/1xGYG
Our innate immune system recognizes LPS via the LPS signal transduction pathway, which has the trimolecular complex of CD14/TLR4/MD2 at the core. CD14 was the first described pattern recognition receptor (PAMP receptor).
Example: Clinical efficacy and immune regulation with peanut oral immunotherapy. Jones SM et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009 Jul 2.
Basophil activation test compared to skin prick test (SPT) and enzyme immunoassay http://goo.gl/kHhyz - SPT is still the "gold standard".
Basophil activation test in Oxford handbook of clinical immunology and allergy By Gavin Spickett:
Mnemonic:
TLR4 (for LPS)
CD14
Example: Clinical efficacy and immune regulation with peanut oral immunotherapy. Jones SM et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009 Jul 2.
Basophil activation test compared to skin prick test (SPT) and enzyme immunoassay http://goo.gl/kHhyz - SPT is still the "gold standard".
Basophil activation test in Oxford handbook of clinical immunology and allergy By Gavin Spickett:
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