Literature review: basic immunology and genetics for the allergist - Twitter summary from 2014 #ACAAI meeting

Dr David Khan discussed "basic immunology and genetics" for the allergist. Among the best articles suggested by him:

1. Molecular editing of cellular responses by high-affinity IgE receptor. FceRI signaling is not purely dependent on kinetics. Differences in Ag affinity can lead changes in adapter proteins resulting in differential mast cell responses. Other cells (NK, Macros, neutrophils, platelets) express both LAT1 & LAT2, and balance may influence FceR.

2. Type 2 innate lymphoid cells control eosinophil homeostasis, Nature 2014; 502: 245. Circadian variation of eosinophils have been recognized for more than 80 yrs. Long-lived ILC2 cells in periphery are predominant source of IL5, co-express IL13 and respond to metabolic/circadian cues. There is an expanding role of ILC2 in eosinophilic disorders

3. Marked persistent eosinophilia in absence of clinical manifestations, JACI 133. HEus appears to have very similar clinical and immunologic indices as HES, patients w/HEus are rare, but should be closely monitored.

4. PGE2 resistance to granulocytes from patients with Aspirin Exacerbated Respiratory Disease (AERD), JACI 133: 1692. Impaired granulocyte PKA function in AERD may lead to dysregulated control of 5-LO activity by PGE2 (lack of inhibition). Adherent platelets lead to increased prod IL5, the study further unravels mysteries of AERD.

5. High proportion of CD5+ B cells in infant predicts development of allergic disease. The article suggests delayed maturation of peripheral B cells predicts allergic disease, we need a bigger number of patients in future to confirm. Finding environmental factors that stimulate immune maturation in early life would be of interest.

6. Staphylococcus delta toxin induces allergic skin diseases by activating mast cells, Nature 503: 397. Staphylococcus delta toxin is a potent inducer of mast cell degranulation and enhancer of IgE production, a new mechanism that links Staph and atopic dermatitis (AD). Strategies to inhibit Staph-delta toxin may be beneficial in treatment of AD.

7. Transcription critical for Th2 cell intrinsic miR-155 in mediating allergy and antihelminth immunity - PNAS 2014 E3081. This may provide a novel therapeutic target for allergic diseases.

8. S100A4 as candidate gene in allergy, Science Trans Med 6: 1-11. Obviously, S100A4 may be a therapeutic target for allergic diseases, also this strategy could be useful in complex diseases.

This is a Twitter summary from 2014 #ACAAI meeting. The post is a part of series. See the rest here: http://allergynotes.blogspot.com/search/label/ACAAI

The Twitter summary was made possible by @MatthewBowdish

Several allergists did a great job posting updates from the 2014 meeting of the #ACAAI. I used the website “All My Tweets” to review tweets. For comparison, here are the tweets from previous #ACAAI meetings (scroll down the page for the past years): http://allergynotes.blogspot.com/search/label/ACAAI

Comments from Twitter:

Alberto Monteverde @vivirsinalergia: And That's Why dicloxacillin works great in Atopic dermatitis..