This is part of series of videos from the Armando Hasudungan's YouTube channel:
https://www.youtube.com/user/armandohasudungan/videos
Signaling pattern-recognition molecules, for example, toll-like receptors (TLRs), lead to activation of genes which in turn lead to a specific immune response. TLRs got their name from toll, a membrane receptor in the Drosophila fly which provides resistance to fungi. TLRs are the first point of contact between the immune system and a pathogen.
The curved leucine-rich repeat region of toll-like receptors, represented here by TLR3. Image source: Wikipedia.
Mnemonics: Toll-like receptors (TLRs)
TLR 2
Two
TB and other mycobacteria
TLR4 (for LPS)
CD14
TLR 5
Five
Flagellin
Flagelated bacteria
TLR 7
Seven
SS RNA
TLR 9
Nine
Nonmethylated
Nucleotide motifs - CpG
TLR 3
Three is "Free" of MyD88
Comments from Twitter:
Roisin Thomas @RoisinThomas: @Allergy There is a mistake in that video. TLR-4 recognises lipopolysaccharide from gram negative bacteria not gram positive.
@Allergy: yes, TLR-4 binds to LPS (Gram neg) - explanation added in the text, with your comment: http://allergynotes.blogspot.com/2014/09/toll-like-receptors-tlr-immunology.html
Philippe Auriol @PhilAllergie: #fun #Biology
Dr John Weiner @AllergyNet: Spellbinding video and summary, loved it, I must get a life
References:
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) http://buff.ly/1mapOI7
Mnemonics: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) http://buff.ly/XBMo0Q