Toll Like Receptors (TLR) - Immunology Animation

This is part of series of videos from the Armando Hasudungan's YouTube channel:

https://www.youtube.com/user/armandohasudungan/videos

Signaling pattern-recognition molecules, for example, toll-like receptors (TLRs), lead to activation of genes which in turn lead to a specific immune response. TLRs got their name from toll, a membrane receptor in the Drosophila fly which provides resistance to fungi. TLRs are the first point of contact between the immune system and a pathogen.


The curved leucine-rich repeat region of toll-like receptors, represented here by TLR3. Image source: Wikipedia.

Mnemonics: Toll-like receptors (TLRs)

TLR 2
Two
TB and other mycobacteria

TLR4 (for LPS)
CD14

TLR 5
Five
Flagellin
Flagelated bacteria

TLR 7
Seven
SS RNA

TLR 9
Nine
Nonmethylated
Nucleotide motifs - CpG

TLR 3
Three is "Free" of MyD88

Comments from Twitter:

Roisin Thomas @RoisinThomas: @Allergy There is a mistake in that video. TLR-4 recognises lipopolysaccharide from gram negative bacteria not gram positive.

@Allergy: yes, TLR-4 binds to LPS (Gram neg) - explanation added in the text, with your comment: http://allergynotes.blogspot.com/2014/09/toll-like-receptors-tlr-immunology.html

Philippe Auriol @PhilAllergie: #fun #Biology

Dr John Weiner @AllergyNet: Spellbinding video and summary, loved it, I must get a life

References:

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) http://buff.ly/1mapOI7
Mnemonics: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) http://buff.ly/XBMo0Q