"Standard tests" showed that 10% of eight-year-olds in a British cohort were sensitive to peanuts but only one in 50 was actually allergic when the children were challenged with the legumes.
Standard methods were defined as a skin prick test producing a wheal whose diameter was at least three millimeters greater than a negative control, and/or a IgE response of at least 0.2 kiloUnits of peanut allergen per liter of serum.
The serum immunoglobulin E (IgE ) response to a single peanut protein, dubbed Ara h 2, was able to distinguish between the sensitivity and allergy in most cases.
Avoiding peanuts only makes sense if child is really allergic.
Currently, a double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) is the gold standard for diagnosing peanut allergy, but it's time-consuming, costly, and risks a severe reaction.
References:
Test Improves Peanut Allergy Diagnosis. MedPage Today, 2010.
Image source: Degranulation processes. Wikipedia, GNU Free Documentation License.
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